Glossary
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- Capacity building - Shorthand for a wide range of support, techniques and initiatives which aim build the capacity of individuals or organisations within communities to contribute effectively to regeneration projects.
- Capital Funding - Money spent on the purchase or improvement of fixed assets such as buildings, roads and equipment.
- City Challenge - A five year Government initiative, now completed, aimed at transforming specific rundown inner city areas and significantly improving the quality of life for local residents within its policy area
- City Growth Strategy Initiative - A scheme, piloted by the Small Business Service in four areas to encourage towns and cities to develop and implement inner city strategies which put enterprise and business at the heart of regeneration, focusing on the competitive advantages of inner city areas
- City Pride - Citywide partnerships launched in 1993 to enhance the cities of Birmingham, London and Manchester.
- Closed-Circuit Television Initiative - Jointly managed by the Home Office, the ODPM and the National Assembly for Wales, the Closed-Circuit Television Initiative aims to help local crime and disorder reduction partnerships deploy closed-circuit television (CCTV) in areas with significant crime and disorder problems.
- Common Era (CE) - The time period beginning with the year of Jesus Christ's birth. Also called Christian Era.
- Communities First - A new Welsh Assembly programme to establish 100 partnerships in areas of deprivation across Wales to tackle deprivation using a comprehensive approach and the involvement of the local community.
- Communities Scotland - An executive agency of the Scottish Executive, directly accountable to the Scottish Parliament which carries out three functions
Regeneration, regulation and inspection of social landlords, and investment and performance in housing. www.communitiesscotland.gov.uk
- Community Businesses - Organisations which are established to provide services and/or employment in a local community. Their focus is about building the community and the local economy, but doing so in a business-like way as independent and self-supporting organisations.
- Community Chest - Neighbourhood Renewal Community Chests was administered by voluntary sector ’lead organisations’ and offer small grants of up to £5,000 to community groups for projects to help them renew their own neighbourhoods. It has now become part of the Single Community Programme
- Community Empowerment Fund (CEF) - This fund aimed to help community and voluntary groups to become empowered in order to participate in Local Strategic Partnerships and neighbourhood renewal. Government Offices for the Regions are responsible for distributing CEF resources and there will be £36m over three years. It has now been amalgamated into the Single Community Programme.
- Community Forum - The Community Forum was launched on 23 January 2002. Its purpose is to act as a sounding board for Ministers and the Neighbourhood Renewal Unit and provide a ’grass-roots’ perspective on neighbourhood renewal strategies. www.neighbourhood.gov.uk/page.asp?id=521
- Community Fund - The operating name of the National Lottery Charities Board, the independent organisation set up by Parliament in 1994 to distribute money raised by the National Lottery to support charities and voluntary and community groups throughout the UK and to UK agencies working abroad. www.community-fund.org.uk
- Community Legal Service Partnerships - Local networks of providers of legal services, supported by co-ordinated funding and delivering services to local communities based on identified priority need.
- Community Planning - The process where a local authority and partner organisations come together to plan, provide and promote the well-being of their communities. It promotes the active involvement of communities in the decisions on local services which affect people’s lives including for example health, education, transport, the economy, safety and the environment.
- Community Strategies - The plans which local authorities are now required to prepare for improving the economic, environmental and social well being of local areas and by which the councils are expected to co-ordinate the actions of the public, private voluntary and community organisations that operate locally.
- Creative Partnerships - Organisations that provide a bridge between schools and cultural organisations, enabling every pupil to have the chance to work with creative professional and organisations to develop creative skills.
- Creative Spaces Initiative - A programme run by The Architectural Foundation. www.creativespaces.org.uk
- Crime Concern - A national crime reduction organisation and registered charity which provides advice and help to a wide range of professional and voluntary agencies to support their work in reducing crime and the fear of crime within local communities and runs over 60 projects across England and Wales. www.crimeconcern.org.uk
- Crime Reduction Partnerships - Statutory partnerships formed as a consequence of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 which required the Police and local authorities and others to work together to tackle crime and disorder within a local authority area. www.crimereduction.gov.uk
- Crime Reduction Programme - A Government funded programme which consists of a series of diverse initiatives which have been shown to be effective at reducing crime or the fear of crime.
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- DCA (DCA) - Department for Constitutional Affairs (DCA) www.dca.gov.uk
- DCLG - The Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) was created on 5 May 2006 with a powerful remit to promote community cohesion and equality, as well as responsibility for housing, urban regeneration, planning and local government. http://www.communities.gov.uk
- DCMS (DCMS) - Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) www.culture.gov.uk
- Deadweight - A way of measuring the benefits of a programme which identifies the things that would have occurred anyway without the intervention of the programme (see additionality)
- DEFRA (DEFRA) - Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) www.defra.gov.uk
- Delegation levels - The levels which determine who within an organisation is authorised to make certain decisions.
- Delivery Plan - A plan which sets out what a project or programme intends to achieve, when, where and at what cost.
- Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) - The Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) was created on 5 May 2006 with a powerful remit to promote community cohesion and equality, as well as responsibility for housing, urban regeneration, planning and local government. http://www.communities.gov.uk
- Development Trusts - A network of independent, not-for-profit, community-based organisations which are engaged in the economic, environmental & social regeneration of a defined area or community. www.dta.org.uk
- DfES (DfES) - Department for Education and Skills (DfES) www.dfes.gov.uk
- DfT (DfT) - Department for Transport (DfT)
- DfT (DfT) - Department for Transport (DfT) www.dft.gov.uk
- DH (DH) - Department of Health (DH) www.dh.gov.uk
- Discount rate - The annual percentage rate at which the value of money reduces over time to give a present day value.
- Displacement - The extent to which the effects of a project impact - positively or negatively - on surrounding areas
- DTI (DTI) - Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) www.dti.gov.uk
- DWP (DWP) - Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) www.dwp.gov.uk
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- Early Excellence Centres - Local centres which offer models of good practice in early year’s education in deprived areas
- Education Action Zones - Local clusters of schools in deprived areas receiving special government grants to work together with others to raise education standards. www.standards.dfee.gov.uk/eaz/
- Employment Zones - Areas where additional money is available to help the long term unemployed into work. www.dfee.gov.uk/employmentzones
- English Cities Fund (ECF) - A scheme aimed at attracting private sector funds into neglected cities. ECF is a partnership between English Partnerships, developer AMEC and investors Legal & General. www.englishcitiesfund.co.uk
- English Partnerships - The national regeneration agency, helping to support high quality sustainable growth in England. www.englishpartnerships.co.uk
- Enterprise Zones - Sites for industrial development within older urban areas across GB with relief from paying business rates and relaxed planning restrictions the last EZs will expire in 2006.
- European Objective 1 funding - Objective 1 targets EU Structural Funds on areas which have an economy falling well behind the European average for wealth creation. europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/objective1/index_en.htm
- European Objective 2 funding - Objective 2 targets EU structural funds on areas that have suffered through the decline of a major industry. europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/objective2/index_en.htm
- European Objective 3 funding - Objective 3 targets EU structural funds towards developing lifelong learning, supporting those at risk from exclusion in the workplace, promoting the role of women in the workforce and promoting adaptability and entrepreneurship.
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) - An EC structural fund which aims to reduce inequalities in socio-economic development between the regions in the Community, by supporting infrastructure projects, job-creation investments, local development and aid for SMEs. europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/funds/prord/prord_en.htm
- European Social Fund (ESF) - Supports activities that develop employability and human resources in five key areas
- active labour market policies;
- equal opportunities
- improving training and education and promoting lifelong learning;
- adaptability and entrepreneurship
- improving the participation of women in the labour market.
europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/esf2000/index-en.htm
- Evaluation - An assessment, after a project or programme has started, of the extent to which objectives have been achieved, how efficiently they have been achieved, and whether there are any lessons to be gained for the future
- Excellence in Cities - A programme to drive up standards in schools in 47 areas of England. www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/excellence
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- Health Action Zones - Partnerships between the NHS, local authorities, the voluntary and private sectors and local communities which represent a new approach to public health, linking health, regeneration, employment, education, housing and anti-poverty initiatives to respond to the needs of vulnerable groups and deprived communities.
www.haznet.org.uk
- Healthy Living Centres - The Healthy Living Centre initiative is managed by the New Opportunities Fund (NOF). The programme targets areas and groups that represent the most disadvantaged sectors of the population. HLCs are expected to seek to influence the wider determinants of health, such as social exclusion, poor access to services, and social and economic aspects of deprivation which can contribute to inequalities in health.
www.doh.gov.uk/hlc/index.ht
- Highland and Islands Enterprise - The main economic development agency for the highlands and islands of Scotland. www.hie.co.uk
- Home Zones - Residential streets in which the road space is shared between drivers and other road users, with the wider needs of residents being accommodated. They are about promoting quality of life and neighbourliness. www.local-transport.dft.gov.uk/hzone
- Housing Action Trusts - Six Government agencies set up to regenerate some of the most deprived local authority estates in England. www.housing.odpm.gov.uk/local/hat/index.htm
- Housing Corporation - The Government body that regulates and funds housing associations in England.
Housing Management Renewal Areas bring together local authorities and other agencies in areas where the housing market is thought to be failing. www.housingcorp.gov.uk
- Housing Pathfinder Partnerships - These were announced in May 2002 and are being formed in Manchester, Salford, Burnley, Rochdale, Stoke, Birmingham, Sheffield, Liverpool and Hull. They involve private sector partners and funding of £2.66m is available for each Pathfinder.
- Human Neighbourhood Project - Run by the Human City Institute. Project workers support local groups in planning, creating and acting to get their own project underway.
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- Scottish Enterprise - The main Government agency for economic development in Scotland. www.scottish-enterprise.com/
- Scottish Executive - The devolved government for Scotland. It is responsible for most of the issues of day-to-day concern to the people of Scotland, including health, education, justice, rural affairs, and transport and manages an annual budget of around £20 billion. www.scotland.gov.uk
- Section 106 agreements (s.75 in Scotland) - Negotiated agreements to provide, for example, low cost housing or community facilities in return for the granting of planning permission.
- Sensitivity analysis - An analysis of the effects of varying the projected values of variables, eg different values might be given for unemployment rates to project the effect of the differences on a local economy
- Single Pot - The regeneration funds available for distribution by the Regional Development Agencies.
- Single Regeneration Budget (SRB) - The Single Regeneration Budget programme aims to enhance the employment prospects, education and skills of local people and to tackle the needs of communities in the most deprived areas. www.urban.odpm.gov.uk/programmes/srb/index.htm
- SME - Short for small and medium sized enterprises ie companies employing fewer than 250 employees.
- Social Entrepreneurs - The equivalent of business entrepreneurs, but operating in the social, not-for profit sector. They aim to seek new and innovative solutions to social problems.
- Social Exclusion - The Government has defined social exclusion as being a shorthand label for what can happen when individuals or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environments, bad health and family breakdown. It can also have a wider meaning which encompasses the exclusion of people from the normal exchanges, practices and rights of society. www.socialexclusion
- Social Inclusion Partnerships (SIP) - Government supported partnership organisations in deprived areas of Scotland.
- Sport Action Zones - A series of areas in which sport is used to reduce social exclusion and promote community development and regeneration. www.sportengland.org
- Street Warden Scheme - Scheme to provide highly visible uniformed patrols in town and village centres, public areas and neighbourhoods. Street Wardens are similar to Neighbourhood Wardens, but their emphasis will be on caring for the physical appearance of the area, tackling environmental problems such as litter, graffiti and dog fouling and helping to deter anti-social behaviour; reduce the fear of crime; and foster social inclusion.
- Substitution - This happens where a firm substitutes one activity for a similar activity, eg recruiting a different job applicant, in order to take advantage of public sector assistance.
- Sure Start - A government scheme which aims to improve the health and well-being of families and children before and from birth, so children are ready to flourish when they go to school by setting up local Sure Start programmes to improve services for families with children under four and spreading good practice learned from local programmes to everyone involved in providing services for young children. www.surestart.gov.uk
- Sustainable Communities Programme - A three year partnership between EnCams, Forward Scotland and the Sustainable Northern Ireland Programme which is testing ways in which communities can be supported to improve the quality of life in their neighbourhood. The programme aims to increase understanding of how people can become more involved in sustainable development at a local level, including how to balance social, economic and environmental demands. www.encams.org
- Sustainable Development - Activity which achieves mutually reinforcing economic, social and environmental benefits without compromising the needs of future generations.
- Synergy - Added value arising from the working together of two or more organisations.
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